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What is Nervos Network?

Nervos Network is an open-source public blockchain ecosystem designed to solve the blockchain trilemma of scalability, security, and decentralization through a layered architecture. At its foundation sits the Common Knowledge Base (CKB), a proof-of-work Layer 1 that uses a modified Nakamoto consensus called NC-MAX and a unique Cell model (a generalization of Bitcoin's UTXO model) to store state and secure assets.

Godwoken was an EVM-compatible Layer 2 in the Nervos ecosystem. On 1 June 2025, its operator, Magickbase, announced a phased sunset of Godwoken and Force Bridge. Nervos was founded in 2018 by a team of blockchain veterans including Jan Xie (a former Ethereum researcher and creator of the Ruby Ethereum client), Kevin Wang, and Daniel Lv. The project is developed and supported by the Nervos Foundation along with contributing organizations such as Cryptape and Nervina Labs, primarily based in Asia.

The mainnet, codenamed Lina, launched on November 16, 2019, following a public token sale that raised approximately $72 million in 2018. CKB is the native token of the Common Knowledge Base and plays a role in both paying for state storage and securing the network through proof-of-work mining using the Eaglesong hash algorithm, which was designed specifically for Nervos.

The ecosystem has expanded to include decentralized exchanges like Yokaiswap, NFT platforms, wallets such as Neuron and Portal Wallet. A notable milestone was the introduction of RGB++, a protocol announced in 2023 that leverages Bitcoin's UTXO model alongside CKB's Cell model to issue and manage Bitcoin-native assets, positioning Nervos as an important piece of Bitcoin Layer 2 infrastructure.

This Bitcoin-alignment narrative intensified in 2024 and 2025 as CKB became associated with the broader BTCFi movement, attracting renewed attention to the project. Force Bridge previously connected CKB with Ethereum and BNB Chain. In its notice of 28 June 2025, Magickbase stated that Force Bridge was no longer operational and should not be used for asset transfers.

The network has not been without controversy: community members have debated the pace of Layer 2 adoption, the effectiveness of the foundation's marketing, and tokenomics design choices such as the state rent model that requires users to lock CKB to occupy on-chain storage. Despite these debates, Nervos remains one of the few proof-of-work smart contract platforms still actively developed, distinguishing itself from the sea of proof-of-stake competitors.

The CKB token trades on major exchanges including Binance, HTX, Gate.io, KuCoin, with a market capitalization that has fluctuated significantly through multiple market cycles. Development activity continues on improving interoperability with Bitcoin via RGB++ and Fiber Network (a Lightning-like payment channel network), and expanding the developer ecosystem with additional language support and tooling.

Key Features of Nervos Network

• Layered Dual-Architecture: Nervos uses a layered design with CKB as its base layer. Godwoken was an earlier EVM-compatible component, but Magickbase announced its phased sunset on 1 June 2025.
• Cell Model Flexibility: CKB uses the Cell model, a generalized UTXO system where every cell can carry arbitrary data and custom validation logic. This makes it possible to represent any type of asset or state natively on-chain and enables novel primitives like RGB++ that bridge Bitcoin UTXOs with programmable smart contracts.
• Proof-of-Work Security: The network is secured by the Eaglesong hash algorithm through a modified Nakamoto consensus called NC-MAX, making CKB one of the few programmable blockchains still using PoW. This aligns CKB culturally and technically with Bitcoin, appealing to users who prefer PoW's battle-tested security model over proof-of-stake alternatives.
• RGB++ Bitcoin Integration: RGB++ leverages isomorphic bindings between Bitcoin UTXOs and CKB Cells, letting users issue and trade Bitcoin-native assets with CKB providing the smart contract backbone. This positions Nervos as a key infrastructure layer for the emerging BTCFi ecosystem without requiring changes to Bitcoin itself.
• Multi-Language Smart Contracts: CKB-VM is based on RISC-V, meaning developers can write scripts in any language that compiles to RISC-V including C, Rust, and JavaScript. This openness contrasts with EVM-only chains and gives engineers more flexibility in tooling, libraries, and cryptographic primitives.

Nervos Network Use Cases

• Bitcoin-Native DeFi: Through RGB++ and the Fiber Network, developers can build lending, swapping, and payment applications that settle to Bitcoin while using CKB for programmability. This unlocks DeFi primitives for BTC holders without wrapping assets on a separate chain.
• Secure Asset Custody: The Cell model and PoW security make CKB a strong candidate for storing high-value digital assets and tokenized real-world assets on-chain. Institutions exploring self-custodial solutions can use CKB cells to encode ownership rules, multi-sig logic, and compliance requirements directly.
• Godwoken: historical infrastructure: Godwoken was an EVM-compatible Layer 2 in the Nervos ecosystem. On 1 June 2025, its operator, Magickbase, announced a phased sunset of Godwoken and Force Bridge.
• Force Bridge: discontinued service: Force Bridge previously connected CKB with Ethereum and BNB Chain. In its notice of 28 June 2025, Magickbase stated that Force Bridge was no longer operational and should not be used for asset transfers.
• NFT and Digital Collectibles: Because each Cell can store arbitrary data, NFTs on CKB can hold their full media or metadata on-chain rather than relying on off-chain storage. Platforms like Nervina's mNFT standard and Spore Protocol use this to create provably permanent digital collectibles.

Nervos Network Tokenomics

Total Supply

CKB has a base genesis issuance of 33.6 billion tokens, with a secondary issuance that adds 1.344 billion CKB per year indefinitely to fund miners and a treasury. The primary issuance follows a Bitcoin-style halving schedule every four years, capped at a total primary issuance of 33.6 billion.

Circulating

Circulating supply grows through mining rewards and secondary issuance, and is also affected by state rent mechanics where CKB must be locked to occupy on-chain storage.

Utility

CKB is used to pay transaction fees, to occupy on-chain state (state rent), and as the mining reward securing the Common Knowledge Base. Holders can also lock CKB in the Nervos DAO to earn a portion of secondary issuance, effectively offsetting inflation.

Emission

Primary issuance halves approximately every four years similar to Bitcoin, while secondary issuance is fixed at 1.344 billion CKB per year forever. Secondary issuance is distributed among miners, the Nervos DAO lockers, and a treasury, with the treasury portion currently burned.

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